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Iran is situated in Southwest Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan. Iran is one of the world’s most mountainous countries. Its mountains have helped to shape both the political and the economic history of the country for several centuries. The mountains enclose several broad basins, or plateaus, on which major agricultural and urban settlements are located. Until the twentieth century, when major highways and railroads were constructed through the mountains to connect the population centers, these basins tended to be relatively isolated from one another.

Typically, one major town dominated each basin, and there were complex economic relationships between the town and the hundreds of villages that surrounded it. In the higher elevations of the mountains rimming the basins, tribally organized groups practiced transhumance, moving with their herds of sheep and goats between traditionally established summer and winter pastures. There are no major river systems in the country, and historically transportation was by means of caravans that followed routes traversing gaps and passes in the mountains. The mountains also impeded easy access to the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea.

With an area of 1,648,000 square kilometers, Iran ranks sixteenth in size among the countries of the world. Iran is about one-fifth the size of the continental United States, or slightly larger than the combined area of the contiguous states of California, Arizona, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

Located in southwestern Asia, Iran shares its northern borders with former Soviet Union republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. These borders extend for more than 2,000 kilometers, including nearly 650 kilometers of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Iran’s western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south, terminating at the Shatt al Arab (which Iranians call the Arvand Rud).

The Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman littorals form the entire 1,770 kilometer southern border. To the east lie Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan on the south. Iran’s diagonal distance from Azerbaijan in the northwest to Baluchestan va Sistan in the southeast is approximately 2,333 kilometers.

 

map Iran railwayIran railway map

 

Some Iranian cities Coordinates:

Province Capital Area
Qom Qom 11,526 km² (4,450 sq mi)
Hamadan Hamadan 19,368 km² (7,478 sq mi)
Golestan Gorgan 20,195 km² (7,797 sq mi)
Azarbaijan, West Urmia 37,437 km² (14,455 sq mi)
Kermanshah Kermanshah 24,998 km² (9,652 sq mi)
Azarbaijan, East Tabriz 45,650 km² (17,630 sq mi)
Qazvin Qazvin 15,549 km² (6,004 sq mi)
Ardabil Ardabil 17,800 km² (6,900 sq mi)
Yazd Yazd 129,285 km² (49,917 sq mi)
Khorasan, South Birjand 69,555 km² (26,855 sq mi)
Khuzestan Ahvaz 64,055 km² (24,732 sq mi)
Tehran Tehran 18,814 km² (7,264 sq mi)
Lorestan Khorramabad 28,294 km² (10,924 sq mi)
Semnan Semnan 97,491 km² (37,641 sq mi)
Kurdistan Sanandaj 29,137 km² (11,250 sq mi)
Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari Shahrekord 16,332 km² (6,306 sq mi)
Markazi Arak 29,130 km² (11,250 sq mi)
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Yasuj 15,504 km² (5,986 sq mi)
Zanjan Zanjan 21,773 km² (8,407 sq mi)
Isfahan Isfahan 107,029 km² (41,324 sq mi)
Khorasan, Razavi Mashhad 144,681 km² (55,862 sq mi)
Bushehr Bushehr 22,743 km² (8,781 sq mi)
Fars Shiraz 122,608 km² (47,339 sq mi)
Khorasan, North Bojnourd 28,434 km² (10,978 sq mi)
Ilam Ilam 20,133 km² (7,773 sq mi)
Hormozgan Bandar Abbas 70,669 km² (27,285 sq mi)
Gilan Rasht 14,042 km² (5,422 sq mi)
Kerman Kerman 180,836 km² (69,821 sq mi)
Sistan and Baluchistan Zahedan 181,785 km² (70,188 sq mi)
Mazandaran Sari 23,701 km² (9,151 sq mi)
Iran (Total) Tehran

1,628,554 km² (628,788 sq mi)

ProvinceHASCISODomFIPSPop-2006Pop-1996Area(km.²)Area(mi.²)Capital
Ardebil IR.AR 03 ar IR32 1,228,155 1,168,011 17,800 6,873 Ardebil
Bushehr IR.BS 06 bu IR22 886,267 743,675 22,743 8,781 Bushehr
Chahar Mahall and Bakhtiari IR.CM 08 cb IR03 857,910 761,168 16,332 6,306 Shahr-e-Kord
East Azarbaijan IR.EA 01 as IR33 3,603,456 3,325,540 45,650 17,626 Tabriz
Esfahan IR.ES 04 es IR28 4,559,256 3,923,255 107,029 41,324 Esfahan
Fars IR.FA 14 fr IR07 4,336,878 3,817,036 122,608 47,339 Shiraz
Gilan IR.GI 19 gl IR08 2,404,861 2,241,896 14,042 5,422 Rasht
Golestan IR.GO 27 gs IR37 1,617,087 1,426,288 20,195 7,797 Gorgan
Hamadan IR.HD 24 hm IR09 1,703,267 1,677,957 19,368 7,478 Hamadan
Hormozgan IR.HG 23 hr IR11 1,403,674 1,062,155 70,669 27,285 Bandar-e-Abbas
Ilam IR.IL 05 il IR10 545,787 487,886 20,133 7,773 Ilam
Kerman IR.KE 15 kr IR29 2,652,413 2,004,328 180,836 69,821 Kerman
Kermanshah IR.BK 17 ks IR13 1,879,385 1,778,596 24,998 9,652 Kermanshah
Khuzestan IR.KZ 10 kz IR15 4,274,979 3,746,772 64,055 24,732 Ahvaz
Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad IR.KB 18 kb IR05 634,299 544,356 15,504 5,986 Yasuj
Kordestan IR.KD 16 kd IR16 1,440,156 1,346,383 29,137 11,250 Sanandaj
Lorestan IR.LO 20 lr IR23 1,716,527 1,584,434 28,294 10,924 Khorramabad
Markazi IR.MK 22 mr IR34 1,351,257 1,228,812 29,130 11,247 Arak
Mazandaran IR.MN 21 mz IR35 2,922,432 2,602,008 23,701 9,151 Sari
North Khorasan IR.KS 31 kh IR43 811,572 676,333 28,434 10,978 Bojnurd
Qazvin IR.QZ 28 qz IR38 1,143,200 968,257 15,549 6,004 Qazvin
Qom IR.QM 26 qm IR39 1,046,737 853,044 11,526 4,450 Qom
Razavi Khorasan IR.KV 30 kh IR42 5,593,079 4,991,818 144,681 55,862 Mashhad
Semnan IR.SM 12 sm IR25 589,742 501,447 97,491 37,641 Semnan
Sistan and Baluchestan IR.SB 13 sb IR04 2,405,742 1,722,579 181,785 70,188 Zahedan
South Khorasan IR.KJ 29 kh IR41 636,420 319,878 69,555 26,855 Birjand
Tehran IR.TH 07 th IR26 13,422,366 10,343,965 18,814 7,264 Tehran
West Azarbaijan IR.WA 02 ag IR01 2,873,459 2,496,320 37,437 14,455 Orumiyeh
Yazd IR.YA 25 yz IR40 990,818 810,401 129,285 49,917 Yazd
Zanjan IR.ZA 11 zn IR36 964,601 900,890 21,773 8,407 Zanjan
30 provinces 70,495,782 60,055,488 1,628,554 628,788
  • HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes.
  • ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2.
  • Dom: Province domain codes from <
  • FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4, a U.S. government standard.
  • Pop-2006: 2006-10-28 census.
  • Pop-1996: 1996-10-21 census, corrected for changes i

 

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